画妈妈/Drawing Mom
画妈妈（著作权、儿歌）1：案情
李东涛
小蜡笔，手中拿，今天我来画妈妈……
这是中国的一首知名的儿歌《画妈妈》的第一句歌词，其作者是寒枫。这首儿歌现在还可以在很多网站上找到。
20多年前，未经作者许可而且没有为其署名，儿歌《画妈妈》被收录在由一家出版社出版的图书中， 而且一些歌词还被改动。
在作者提起著作权侵权诉讼之后，出版社迅速与其和解，最终撤诉。
Drawing Mom（Copyright law/nursery rhyme）I: The Case
Li Dongtao
Little pencil, in my hands, today I’ll draw a picture of mom…1
This is the first sentence of “Drawing Mom”, a famous Chinese nursery rhyme created by Lan Feng. It can be found at lots of websites now.
Over 20 years ago, without the author’s permission and without his name, the nursery rhyme Drawing Mom was collected in a book published by a publishing house, some words of the song had been also altered.
After the author brought the case of copyright infringement to court, the publishing house mediated with him quickly and let him withdrew the case.
画妈妈（著作权法、儿歌）2：幼稚
李东涛
这个儿歌很幼稚，不受著作权保护？
否。
有人认为作品必须具备深刻的思想内涵。
这是不正确的。
从理论上讲，独创性，而不是深刻的思想内涵，是受到著作权法的保护的一个前提条件。独创性的要求仅指作品由作者独立完成创作，而不是对在先作品的简单改头换面。
在此案中，尽管儿歌《画妈妈》中的歌词是简单幼稚的，但这却是一个完整的思想的表达形式，并且只有作者完成了它的创作工作。它的独创性是显而易见的。
Drawing Mom（Copyright law/nursery rhyme）II: Naive
Li Dongtao
This nursery rhyme is so naïve, no copyright protection?
No.
Some may think a copyrightable work must have a profound significance.
This is a misconception.
In theory, it is the originality, not significance, as a precondition for protection.
Originality means the work independently created by its author, more than a trivial variation on any preceding work.
In this case, although the lyrics of the nursery rhyme “Drawing Mom” are simple and naive, it is a complete expression of an idea and could only have been created by its author. The originality is obvious.
画妈妈（著作权法、儿歌）3：固定
李东涛
为了得到著作权的保护，作品必须处于稳定状态并被固定在有型的载体上。作者不能通过引吭高歌来获得保护。
在此案中，作者可以在卧室里弹着自己的吉他吟唱《画妈妈》，在这个过程中他是不享有著作权的；只有当他将儿歌录制在磁带中或记录在纸上时，才视为他固定了作品并受到著作权法的保护。
Drawing Mom（Copyright law/nursery rhyme）III: Fixation
Li Dongtao
For copyright protection, a work must be stable, fixed in a tangible medium. An author can’t get a copyright just by speaking out loud.
In this case, the author might have played the chords on a guitar and sung the verses of Drawing Mom in his bedroom. At that point, copyright protection did not exist. However, once he recorded or wrote down the nursery rhyme, he fixed the work, and copyright protection began.
画妈妈(著作权法、儿歌)4：著作权
李东涛
什么是著作权？
很简单，复制的权利。
但仅凭复制，没有声誉、没有报酬，作者一年到头都会吃不上饭。
由此，著作权不是一个单独的权利，而是一个权利的集合，如同硬币的两面，著作权可以分为两部分：
人身（精神）权利：如署名权、发表权和修改权等；
财产权利：如复制权、发行权和获得报酬权等。
著作权法第10条对此有详细的规定：
www.chinajusticeobserver.com/law/x/copyright-law-of-china-20201111/enchn
此案中涉及的权利：署名权、修改权、复制权和获得报酬权。
Drawing Mom（copyright law/nursery rhyme）IV: Copyright
Li Dongtao
What is copyright.
Very simple, the right to copy.
But just copying is not enough. No fame, no money, an author can’t have lunch 365 times in a year.
So, the copyright is not a single right, but a bundle of rights,
And, like two sides of a coin, copyright can be divided into two parts: moral rights and exploitation rights.
Moral rights: including right of authorship, right of publication, right of integrity, etc.
Exploitation right: including right of reproduction, right of distribution, etc.
Details of the rights are inked in the Article 10 of the Copyright Law: www.chinajusticeobserver.com/law/x/copyright-law-of-china-20201111/enchn
Related rights in this case: right of authorship, right of alteration, right of reproduction, right to remuneration.
画妈妈(著作权法、儿歌) 5：AI
李东涛
一个生成式的AI系统可以使用歌词进行训练，然后生成新的歌词， 比如，《画妈妈》。
违法么？著作权侵权？
在美国，主要的音乐制作商，如环球集团，已经将目标对准了Anthropic（大模型公司）……
Drawing Mom（copyright law/nursery rhyme）V: AI
Li Dongtao
A generative AI system can be trained on copyrighted song lyrics and generate new song lyrics, for example, Drawing Mom.
Illegal? Copyright infringement?
In the United States, Major music publishers like Universal Music are targeting Anthropic…2
[1] Drawing Mom NURSERY RHYME by Han Feng at www.baobao88.com/bbmusic/tongyao/12/17101793.html
[2] 2 AI-Generated Content and Copyright Law: What We Know by Ellen Glover at builtin.com/artificial-intelligence/ai-copyright
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